托福阅读速度有哪些要求范文汇总四篇

时间:2023-10-25 托福 点击:

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以下是小编整理的托福阅读速度有哪些要求范文汇总四篇,欢迎阅读与收藏。

【篇一】托福阅读速度有哪些要求

托福阅读的时间是按篇来给的,也就是每篇托福阅读文章只给你20分钟的时间完成。

另外大家要注意的就是时间来不及的情况。这就要求大家平时训练时候,还是坚持一次性原则为好,尽量把答完一篇文章的时间控制在16分钟内,这是一个参考标准,如果达不到这个阅读速度,面临真题时候就会遭遇很大的难度。

提升托福阅读速度的方法

一、略读

略读又称跳读(readingandskipping)或浏览(glancing),是一种专门的,非常实用的快速阅读技能。

略读有下列几个特点:

A、以极快的速度阅读文章,寻找字面上或事实上的主要信息和少量的阐述信息。

B、可以跳过某个部分或某些部分不读。

C、理解水平可以稍低一些,但也不能太低。

二、快速泛读(fastextensivereading)

这里讲的泛读是指广泛阅读大量涉及不同领域的文章,要求读得快,理解和掌握文中的主要内容就可以。要确定一个明确的阅读定额,定额要结合自己的实际,可多可少,例如每天读20页。

三、计时阅读(timedreading)

计时阅读每次进行5~10分钟即可,不宜太长。因为计时快速阅读,精力高度集中,时间一长,容易疲劳,精力分散反而乏味。

四、寻读(Scanning)

寻读又称查读,同略读一样,寻读也是一种快速阅读技巧。

寻读是一种从大量的资料中迅速查找某一项具体事实或某一项特定信息,如人物、事件、时间、地点、数字等,而对其它无关部分略去不读的快速阅读方法。

掌握了方法之后需要在平常多加练习,到了考试时才能用的得心应手。

托福阅读材料:电视相亲

Eye-gazing party is a dating trend based on the practice of speed-dating in which participants do not speak to each other but instead, gaze at each other for a set amount of time before moving on.

Eye-gazing party(对眼相亲会)是在速配相亲基础上发展起来的一种相亲形式。参与对眼相亲会的男女彼此之间不用开口说话,而是在限定的时间内盯着对方看,时间一到就换个人继续看。

Someone describes the experience as “having a conversation with another person"s face”, while others believe eye contact can reveal one’s attraction faster than anything else.

有人将这种相亲会描述为“跟另一个人的脸对话”,也有人认为眼神交流比任何行为都能更快散发一个人的魅力。

托福阅读材料练习:肺部有味觉

Take a deep breath. Taste anything? Actually, your lungs may. Because scientists have discovered that the same receptors that exist on the tongue to taste bitter substances are also found on the smooth muscle of the lungs.

Researchers were studying the receptors on smooth lung muscles that regulate contraction and relaxation of theairways. That’s when they made the discovery—which was so unexpected that the researchers themselves were skeptical.

Finally, they became convinced that the receptors were really there, though not clustered in taste buds as they are on the tongue. The scientists then exposed human and mouse airways to various bitter compounds to gauge the effects.

Many toxic compounds are bitter, so the researchers expected the lung muscle to tense up and contract—to compel the breather to move away from whatever was bitter and perhaps toxic. But, in a second surprise, bitter compounds relaxed and opened airways better than any existing asthma drug. The study is in the journal Nature Medicine. [Deepak Deshpande et al., “Bitter taste receptors on airway smooth muscle bronchodilate by localized calcium signaling and reverse obstruction”]

Researchers will continue to search for the role of the receptors. Meanwhile, the work represents a surprising new lead in the search for drugs to treat asthma, emphysema or chronic bronchitis.

—Cynthia Graber

托福阅读练习:考试助于学习

Tests aren"t just a way for teachers to torture their students, according to a new study that finds the brain encodes better mental hints during test-taking than during studying alone.

考试不仅仅是老师用来折磨学生的手段,因为最新研究表明,考试时大脑消化吸收学习材料的效果要比只是学习看书时产生的效果好一些。

Although many people view tests as a way to mark and grade students" progress, research has found that the act of retrieving information from memory actually makes remembering it easier. In other words, tests improve learning.

人们把考试视作给学生进步打分的工具,然而研究发现,从记忆中检索信息这一行为可使人们记东西更加容易。换句话说,考试能让你学识渊博。

The study author Mary Pyc, a postdoctoral fellow at Washington University in St. Louis and her co-author Katherine Rawson investigated pieces of information called “mediators.” Mediators are concepts, ideas or phrases that connect one piece of information to another. To be a good mediator, the idea has to be both easy to remember and easy to link to the information you"re trying to retrieve.

该研究论文的撰稿人、华盛顿大学博士后玛丽-佩克和她的同事凯瑟琳-罗森着手于研究名为“介质”的信息碎片。“介质”实际上就是一些概念、观点或者短语,它们是连接各条信息的桥梁。要成为优质“介质”,相关观点必须易记且和你要检索的信息相关。

To investigate the effect of testing on mediators, Pyc and Rawson had 118 English-speaking participants learn 48 Swahili words. Some of the learners took tests on the information and then got to restudy the material before being tested again. Others only studied and restudied without tests.

为了调查考试对“介质”产生的效果,佩克和罗森让118名讲英语人士学习48个斯瓦希里语的单词。在之后的实验中,一部分学习者对所学内容进行测试,然后在再次测试前重新学习。而另一些人则只是学习、再学习,没有测试。

A week after learning the words, each group took a final test. Some tests required them to give the English translation from the Swahlii word alone. Another group got a test that gave them the Swahili word plus the mediator they"d used when learning the words. A third group not only had to translate the word, but they also had to remember and write down their mediator word.

一周后,每组都会进行一次期终考试。一组被要求写出斯瓦希里语某些单词的意思,而另一组则在释义时研究者给他们看了自己学习时曾使用的“介质”。第三组不仅需要给单词释义,还要记住并写下自己当时使用的“介质”。

Overall, the group that took practice tests did three times better than the study-only group. In addition, more test practice made for better mediators. Those who had to recall both their mediator and the translation got scores averaging 51 percent if they"d been in the pretesting group and just 34 percent if they"d only studied. Those who didn"t have to remember their mediator, just link it to the translation, also did much better if they"d completed practice tests.

总体来讲,经常做测试的那一组的考试结果要比不做测试的那一组好出三倍。此外,测试较多使得学习者使用的“介质”也较好。需要回忆“介质”以及释义的小组成员中,先前在测试较多小组中学习的成员平均分为51分,而那些曾在不测试小组中学习过的成员平均仅为34分。而在考试中不被要求回忆“介质”只需释义的人群,倘若之前做过较多测试,考试成绩也要好得多。

【篇二】托福阅读速度有哪些要求

托福阅读速度慢的三大原因

1.逐字翻译导致读句子的速度慢

很多同学在翻译句子的过程中,都没有一个良好的习惯,只是机械地把所有英文单词的中文意思堆砌起来。对于简单句来说,这样做其实无可厚非;但是遇到语法结构稍微复杂的句子,这种方法便会立刻失效,于是同学们便会不断重复回看这句话,想要弄清楚它的意思,这样便造成了时间上的极大浪费。所以我们在平时练习过程中需要训练自己养成一个良好的阅读习惯,不要被那些单词牵着走,而要主动地去分析句子结构:句子主语是谁?这个主语怎么了,发生了什么事?谁是修饰成分?谁才是真正的谓语?当我们能够做到读完一句理解一句,相信我们自然就能在要求时间之内答完题了。

2.练习少,对题目缺乏熟悉度

许多同学把备考托福阅读等同于背单词,因而一天到晚只跟单词书亲近,却不曾正眼看过TPO中的阅读文章。背单词固然重要,毕竟单词不会,文章也无法理解。但是想要提高分数、想要冲刺阅读高分,那我们就必须把TPO阅读文章当作圣经一样来对待。这不只是草草做题对答案了事,更是通过大量做题,来增强自己对于托福阅读出题套路的了解,以期掌握每种题型的应对方案,争取做到读完题之后,能够立刻找到题干中的有效关键词,再迅速回文定位答案。同学们不要觉得题海战术是很笨的方法,多年实践已经证明,它其实是一种很有效率的学习方法,关键在于我们是否能够通过题海战术有所收获,而不是为了做题而做题。

3. 文章结构不够熟悉

我特别强调做完题后,分析每篇文章的文章结构这件事。为什么?因为文章结构大概也就那么几种,见得多了,便就一见如故了。在考场上,我们根本没有时间为了最后一道题而把文章再通读一便。而倘若我们在做题过程中,就能迅速总结出每一段的中心意思,那么这篇文章我们一定会读得更通透,在做每一段相应的题时也就能够提高准确率。而能否迅速总结出段落大意就依赖于平时严格的训练。不要做完了题就万事大吉,把每篇文章充分利用起来,观察它们的结构,多做总结,这样的工作做得多了,必然会有所收获的。

超强总结:四种方法提高托福阅读速度

下面,我们就听听老师对提高英语阅读速度的一些建议:

方法一:快速泛读(fastextensivereading)

这里讲的泛读是指广泛阅读大量涉及不同领域的文章,要求读得快,理解和掌握文中的主要内容就可以。要确定一个明确的阅读定额,定额要结合自己的实际,可多可少,例如每天读20页。

方法二:计时阅读(timedreading)

计时阅读每次进行5~10分钟即可,不宜太长。因为计时快速阅读,精力高度集中,时间一长,容易疲劳,精力分散反而乏味。

方法三:寻读(Scanning)

寻读又称查读,同略读一样,寻读也是一种快速阅读技巧。

寻读是一种从大量的资料中迅速查找某一项具体事实或某一项特定信息,如人物、事件、时间、地点、数字等,而对其它无关部分略去不读的快速阅读方法。

方法四:略读(skimming)

略读又称跳读(readingandskipping)或浏览(glancing),是一种专门的,非常实用的快速阅读技能。

略读有下列几个特点:

A.以极快的速度阅读文章,寻找字面上或事实上的主要信息和少量的阐述信息。

B.可以跳过某个部分或某些部分不读。

C.理解水平可以稍低一些,但也不能太低。

托福阅读速度的提高方法介绍

想要做到托福阅读提高,首先要做的就是快速阅读托福文章,这样就有更多的时间进行做题和思考。提高托福阅读速度可以采用快速泛读、计时阅读、寻读、略读等方法。如何将这些方法利用,下面为大家分享托福阅读经验。

快速泛读是指广泛阅读大量涉及不同领域的文章,要求读得快,理解和掌握文中的主要内容就可以。要确定一个明确的阅读定额,定额要结合自己的实际,可多可少,例如每天读20页。

而计时阅读每次进行5~10分钟即可,不宜太长。因为计时快速阅读,精力高度集中,时间一长,容易疲劳,精力分散反而乏味。

寻读又称查读,同略读一样,寻读也是一种快速阅读技巧。它是一种从大量的资料中迅速查找某一项具体事实或某一项特定信息,如人物、事件、时间、地点、数字等,而对其它无关部分略去不读的快速阅读方法。

它与略读不同,略读时,读者事先对材料一无所知,而寻读则是在读者对材料有所了解的情况下进行的。具体地说,寻读带有明确的目的性,有针对性地选择问题的答案。

略读又称跳读(reading and skipping)或浏览(glancing),是一种专门的,非常实用的快速阅读技能。

在进行托福阅读略读时,要利用印刷细节,如文章的标题、副标题、小标题、斜体词、黑体词、脚注、标点符号等,对文章进行预测略读。预测略读要了解作者的思路、文章方式(模式),以便把握大意,有关的细节及其相互关系。

以一般阅读速度(200~250wpm)阅读文章开头的一、二段,力求抓住文章大意,背景情况,作者的文章风格,口吻或语气等。阅读段落的主题句和结论句。抓住主题句就掌握了段落大意,然后略去细节不读,以求得略读速度。注意转折词和序列词。转折词如however,moreover,inaddition等;序列词如firstly,secondly等。

以上就是托福阅读提高经验如何加快托福阅读素的方法介绍,希望考生可以将这四种方法运用到托福阅读速度训练中,最后达到提高托福阅读速度的目标。

【篇三】托福阅读速度有哪些要求

如何训练托福阅读速度

一. 阅读文章读不懂,如何提升阅读速度

托福阅读文章还是有一定难度的,很多同学初次接触托福都觉得托福文章读不懂或者需要花费很久才能弄懂意思。那么读不懂文章如何提升阅读速度呢?从根本上讲,阅读读不懂是因为词汇量和语法基础太差。所以建议先背托福词汇,看一遍基础语法知识。词汇是阅读的根基,没有词汇量做基础,阅读速度是不可能有很大提升的。托福阅读要求大家有很快的阅读速度,如果一篇阅读中生词太多,就算快速读完也不知道文章的意思。除了背单词之外,还要掌握基本的语法知识,英语句子结构与中文很不相同,掌握语法知识有助于大家理解文章中的长难句。所以总的来说,文章读不懂要先将基本功练扎实。

二. 题目做太慢,如何提升做题速度

有的同学表示,阅读文章能读懂,但就是题目做的太慢,所以做阅读总是超时。题目做的慢,其实是因为缺乏做题技巧,不能快速在原文中定位题目位置。阅读打好基础以后,要学习一些做题的技巧,比如小结题应该通读文章段落找答案,推理题要根据文章意思推理得出,词汇题要将选项带入原句看是否通顺……做题技巧是提升阅读做题速度的高效方法。托福阅读题目是按顺序出题,基本上按照文章的文章结构对应题目,大家在做题的时候要快速定位题目位置,结合上下文快速选出答案。托福阅读题目中很多选项似是而非非常具有迷惑性,一定要提高辨别能力,选择最佳选项。

三. 课外练习很重要

托福阅读速度考验大家的英语基本功,提升阅读速度也需要大家在利用空暇时间多练习。多刷题是有帮助的,除了刷题之外,大家还要多去阅读英文报刊杂志。很多同学看到一篇冗长的托福阅读时,心里的压力感倍增,感觉似乎“不可能完成”。大家平时在课余时间多读英文报刊杂志,就会习惯英语的长篇文章,能减少心理上的压力感,也能提升自己的阅读速度。而且大家在阅读英文报刊杂志的过程中还能积累生词,扩充知识面,可谓一举多得,何乐而不为。

阅读硬实力才是托福阅读高分的关键

有托福考生说,老托的阅读要比新托简单得多,甚至不看文章也能做对题。其实不然。我们知道,原来老托是350字一篇文章,10分钟。现在新托是700字左右一篇文章,20分钟内完成12-14题。按照时间比例来说,时间对考生是绰绰有余的。但是为什么众多考生还是会有这样的感觉呢?

问题就出在托福的题目上,现在新托福阅读的题目四个选项长度呈不断加长趋势。有很多考生用在理解题目和选项的时间就远远超过答题时间。这样的话就直接影响了后面题目的答题质量。如果出现阅读加试,很多考生就一个头两个大了。

这主要还是因为考生在准备新托福阅读考试过程中太注重技巧的提炼,而忘记了学习英语最根本的还是在对语言的掌握上。因此在这里给大家提几点复习新托福阅读的几点建议:

1. 如果基础一般的同学,想要参加托福考试,最好提前3-4个月准备起来。一本好的词汇书是必不可少的。其实背哪一本词汇书不是重点所在,重要的是能够持之以恒,每天对所背的词汇进行复习和总结。因为你在做词汇题时如果能遇到你熟悉的词,可以节省你会到文章中去看上下文猜词的时间。虽然不能保证背到就一定能考到,但是单词可以帮助你更好的理解文章。曾经有一名语言专家这样说过:“Without grammar, little can be conveyed and without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed.”足以说明词汇的重要性。

2. 然后要从理解文章的结构开始理解文章。我们要明白,托福考试的阅读文章都是北美校园基础课程的文章,基本没有做过改动。所以文章的结构就是完全按照美式作文的五段法,我们的考生只要用这样的方式去分析每一篇文章,就会发现他们的结构是大同小异的。

3. 积累背景知识对我们来说相当的重要,因此我们在做新托福阅读的题目的同时,也应该在空余的时候多阅读课外读物,原版杂志。譬如,国家地理,自然,今日美国等一些著名的原版杂志,这不仅可以扩充我们的背景知识,同时也可以补充我们在词汇量上的不足。

4. 在复习的最后阶段,做做模拟练习题是必不可少的。如果有条件的话,最好做一下模考软件。因为这样可以模仿新托福机考的真实场景。比较推荐的模考软件有Barron, Kaplan以及一些比较权威的模考网站。当然在你报名时托福官方网站提供给你的那一套不完整的模考题也是很有参考价值的。

托福阅读真题1

The mineral particles found in soil range in size from microscopic clay particles to large boulders. The most abundant particles — sand, silt, and clay — are the focus of examination in studies of soil texture. Texture is the term used to describe the composite sizes of particles in a soil sample, typically several representative handfuls.

To measure soil texture, the sand, silt, and clay particles are sorted out by size and weight. The weights of each size are then expressed as a percentage of the sample weight. In the field, soil texture can be estimated by extracting a handful of soil and squeezing the damp soil into three basic shapes; (1) cast, a lump formed by squeezing a sample in a clenched fist; (2) thread, a pencil shape formed by rolling soil between the palms; and (3) ribbon, a flatfish shape formed by squeezing a small sample between the thumb and index finger. The behavioral characteristics of the soil when molded into each of these shapes, if they can be formed at all, provide the basis for a general textural classification. The behavior of the soil in the hand test is determined by the amount of clay in the sample. Clay particles are highly cohesive, and when dampened, behave as a plastic. Therefore the higher the clay content in a sample, the more refined and durable the shapes into which it can be molded.

Another method of determining soil texture involves the use of devices called sediment sieves, screens built with a specified mesh size. When the soil is filtered through a group of sieves, each with a different mesh size, the particles become grouped in corresponding size categories. Each category can be weighed to make a textural determination. Although sieves work well for silt, sand, and larger particles, they are not appropriate for clay particles. Clay is far too small to sieve accurately; therefore, in soils with a high proportion of clay, the fine particles are measured on the basis of their settling velocity when suspended in water. Since clays settle so slowly, they are easily segregated from sand and silt. The water can be drawn off and evaporated, leaving a residue of clay, which can be weighed.?

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Characteristics of high quality soil

(B) Particles typically found in most soils

(C) How a high clay content affects the texture of soil

(D) Ways to determine the texture of soil

2. The author mentions several representative handfuls in line 4 in order to show

(A) the range of soil samples

(B) the process by which soil is weighed

(C) the requirements for an adequate soil sample

(D) how small soil particles are weighted

3. The phrase sorted out in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) mixed

(B) replaced

(C) carried

(D) separated

4. It can be inferred that the names of the three basic shapes mentioned in paragraph 2 reflect

(A) the way the soil is extracted

(B) the results of squeezing the soil

(C) the need to check more than one handful

(D) the difficulty of forming different shapes

5. The word dampened in line 14 is closest in meaning to

(A) damaged

(B) stretched

(C) moistened

(D) examined

6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about a soil sample with little or no

clay in it?

(A) It is not very heavy.

(B) It may not hold its shape when molded.

(C) Its shape is durable

(D) Its texture cannot be classified

7. The word they in line 21 refers to

(A) categories

(B) sieves

(C) larger particles

(D) clay particles

8. It can be inferred from the passage that the sediment sieve has an advantage over the hand

test in determining soil texture because

(A) using the sieve takes less time

(B) the sieve can measure clay

(C) less training is required to use the sieve

(D) the sieve allows for a more exact measure

9. During the procedure described in paragraph 3, when clay particles are placed into water they

(A) stick to the sides of the water container

(B) take some time to sink to the bottom

(C) separate into different sizes

(D) dissolve quickly

10. The word fine in line 24 is closest in meaning to

(A) tiny

(B) many

(C) excellent

(D) various

11. All of the following words are defined in the passage EXCEPT

(A) texture (line 3)

(B) ribbon (line 10)

(C) sediment sieves (line 18)

(D) evaporated (line 25)

PASSAGE 27 DADBC BBDBA D

托福阅读真题2

The end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century were marked by the development of an international Art Nouveau style, characterized by sinuous lines, floral and vegetable motifs, and soft evanescent coloration. The Art Nouveau style was an eclectic one, bringing together elements of Japanese art, motifs of ancient cultures, and natural forms. The glass objects of this style were elegant in outline, although often deliberately distorted, with pale or iridescent surfaces. A favored device of the style was to imitate the iridescent surface seen on ancient glass that had been buried. Much of the Art Nouveau glass produced during the years of its greatest popularity had been generically termed art glass. Art glass was intended for decorative purposes and relied for its effect upon carefully chosen color combinations and innovative techniques.

France produced a number of outstanding exponents of the Art Nouveau style; among the most celebrated was Emile Galle (1846-1904). In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today. Tiffany was a brilliant designer, successfully combining ancient Egyptian, Japanese, and Persian motifs.

The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920"s. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century. At first restricted to a small avant-garde group of architects and designers, Functionalism emerged as the dominant influence upon designers after the First World War. The basic tenet of the movement — that function should determine form — was not a new concept. Soon a distinct aesthetic code evolved: form should be simple, surfaces plain, and any ornament should be based on geometric relationships. This new design concept, coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and conventions of the preceding decades, created an entirely new public taste which caused Art Nouveau types of glass to fall out of favor. The new taste demanded dramatic effects of contrast, stark outline and complex textural surfaces.

1. What does paragraph 1 mainly discuss?

(A) Design elements in the Art Nouveau style

(B) The popularity of the Art Nouveau style

(C) Production techniques for art glass

(D) Color combinations typical of the Art Nouveau style

2. The word one in line 4 refers to

(A) century

(B) development

(C) style

(D) coloration

3. Paragraph 1 mentions that Art Nouveau glass was sometimes similar to which aspect of ancient buried glass ?

(A) The distortion of the glass

(B) The appearance of the glass surface

(C) The shapes of the glass objects

(D) The size of the glass objects

4. What is the main purpose of paragraph 2?

(A) to compare different Art Nouveau styles

(B) to give examples of famous Art Nouveau artists

(C) to explain why Art Nouveau glass was so popular in the United States

(D) to show the impact Art Nouveau had on other cultures around the world

5. The word prized in line 16 is closest in meaning to

(A) valued

(B) universal

(C) uncommon

(D) preserved

6. The word overtaken in line 20 is closest in meaning to

(A) surpassed

(B) inclined

(C) expressed

(D) applied

7. What does the author mean by stating that function should determine form (lines 23-24)?

(A) A useful object should not be attractive.

(B) The purpose of an object should influence its form.

(C) The design of an object is considered more significant than its function.

(D) The form of an object should not include decorative elements.

8. It can be inferred from the passage that one reason Functionalism became popular was that it

(A) clearly distinguished between art and design

(B) appealed to people who liked complex painted designs

(C) reflected a common desire to break from the past

(D) was easily interpreted by the general public

9. Paragraph 3 supports which of the following statements about Functionalism?

(A) Its design concept avoided geometric shapes.

(B) It started on a small scale and then spread gradually.

(C) It was a major force in the decorative arts before the First World War.

(D) It was not attractive to architects and designers.

10. According to the passage , an object made in the Art Nouveau style would most likely include

(A) a flowered design

(B) bright colors

(C) modern symbols

(D) a textured surface

PASSAGE 28 ACBBA ABCBA

【篇四】托福阅读速度有哪些要求

一.提升托福写作速度先要打好基础

考生在托福独立写作时之所以会感觉时间不够用,要么是在组织文章结构上有困难,要么就是打字速度慢。考生遇到这种情况,一定要分析自身的原因,寻找解决的办法。

如果是因为不会组织文章结构,那么考生可以认真研究一下近几年的托福写作机经,将机经中的题目一一列出提纲,然后参考范文,对我们的思路进行补充和纠正。之所以研究机经,是因为新托福写作考试独立写作题目经常会出现重复的情况,如果熟悉机经题目,考试中遇到原题就可以节省大量的思考时间。如果是因为打字速度慢导致写不完,那么考生可以在平时找一些英语材料,多练习打字,提高打字速度。

二.提升托福写作速度要做模考

为了避免出现考试答不完的情况,考生在平时就要养成限时练习的习惯,严格要求自己在规定考试时间内完成写作。有些考生习惯了在没有时间压力的情况下进行练习,虽然最后写出的文章思路清晰、内容丰富,但是这种答题方式不利于在考场上发挥出真正水平。如果考生在规定时间内完不成写作,一定要认真分析原因。如果是在思路组织或者打字速度上出了问题,那么就按照以上方法加强基础练习。如果是在内容展开方面出现了问题,那么平时就要注意多积累一些素材和范例,以便在考试中借鉴和引用。总之,考生在考场上要把握好时间,不要因为时间问题而导致失分。

三.提升托福写作速度要备有足够的写作素材

积累素材是备考托福独立写作的一项重要任务。如果我们在平时能够多积累一些写作素材,那么到了考场上就不会感到无话可说,写作速度自然也就提升上来了。我们可以参考一些写作范文,在学习的过程中把文中的好词好句以及例子按照话题进行分类并整理下来。除此之外,我们的亲身经历也是写作素材的重要来源。我们可以把自己在生活中的感悟记录下来,在相关的话题作文中当作例子来使用,会比摘抄下来的例子更生动、运用更自如。所以,考生要做一个有心人,在平时的学习生活中注意观察和思考,学会对事情做出判断和评价,这样在写作考试中就可以信手拈来,提高写作的速度。

托福写作速度提升不仅要提升基础写作能力,还要在备考中多做模考练习,准备写作素材。另外,如果大家对于上机考试不适应的话,也要苦练英文打字速度,这样才能保证大家在考场上快速完成写作。

托福写作:搭建结构

首先由明线入手的思路可以不太讲究结构,这点的评论请看后文;然而由暗线着手的议论却必须注意结构,因为暗线采用的是和题目本身关系不大的视角,写得好是一气呵成发人深省,写得不慎重就会失之毫厘,谬之千里,走题走到天边去。

接上文,仍以题目做示范。笔者第二次拟提纲,以理暗渡,就不能像第一次一样只写论点,而得把首段,论点,甚至每段在整篇文章中的作用也一并写出,才能避免下笔时走题。

首段:民以食为天,食物在人类生活中的重要性不可言喻,就连食物的准备方式也可能极大影响人类文化,进而影响个人生活质量(引入社会心理学,设置暗线,为全文奠定基调)以现代生活实况分析,食品速食化导致人类生活质量下降的趋向比较明显。

第一论证段:(身体健康层面)饮食文化改变,传统有益健康而消耗时间的料理方式被摈弃,垃圾食品大行其市,天人合一,顺应生理规律的文化被断绝。(注:这里因为不是从营养,而是从生物规律论述对身体的影响,所以前文所论的paradox此处可不考虑)

第二论证段:从速食流行原因论证人类行为文化改变, 高节奏的高压生活必然促使身体早衰(身体与心理健康两个层面综合)

第三论证段:(心理健康层面)行为高速化也会导致对情感的无法顾及甚至冷漠,人类情感文化变化,并且朝不利方向。

结尾(这在提纲里其实可有可无,提纲毕竟只是具体化的思路,并不是成文。依照文章具体的论证手法,内容,结尾可以个有千秋,只要把握住一条,符合全文主旨,就可以了,提纲里就算写了,很多时候也是无用功)

用题目分析到这里,文章连雏形都已经出来了,可是究竟什么是结构呢?

回到“文章是被记录下来的表达”这个原则。结构既然是写作的必须注意事项,就必然帮助表达。对于一篇议论,作者必须大量旁征博引才能令人信服得表述自己的观点,这其中牵扯着概念的重要性顺序-----用来证明全文立场的概念是论点,是最重要的概念;用来证明论点的概念是佐证,是次等重要的概念。所谓结构,最基本的用途是将文章所有用入的概念分段,一个论点与它的所有佐证为一段,不能佐证证明的是第二论点,却在第一论点的段落。-------这就是所谓的unity.

结构的第二用途仍然是帮助表达,从逻辑思路方面。好的议论能抓住人心,令人信服,首先必须让人能看懂作者的思路,让你说明在学习场所安装电视有无弊端,你却一会说电视节目的差异,一会说学生的素质如何,读者不知所云,自然不会被你说服。每个段落和论题的联系。作者本人知道并没有用,必须表现出来。说完节目差异加一句“不同节目对学生的利弊不同,不可一概而论”,讲过学生素质补充“素质差的学生群体使学习场所吵杂,安不安电视影响都不大”,将论点间,论点和论题间紧密结合起来,保证文章思路流畅,明白易懂,就是结构中过渡句的功效,使得行文达到ETS要求的progression和coherence。

具体把结构落实在IBT独立作文上,就是两点。

1.会分段。要清楚自己的行文思路,知道自己有几个论点。首段表明论点,废话不要讲。论证一段一个论点,不可以交叉。一个论段里要有论点句,其它所有句子都为论证这个点,废话不要讲。尾段总结论点共性,映证首段观点,废话不要讲……

2.会过渡。要记住必须过渡。要明白你为什么过渡-----如果这个过渡不证明论点和论题间的关系,而证明论点间的关系,要确定这个新论点也能证明论题。你的过渡不是为自己的文章过渡,而是帮读者的思维过渡,引领他们走进新的思维,所以必须确认过渡的方向,你是否正带着你的读者而离开你的论题。

从这两点观测,笔者在前文提到的明线(支持论题)贯穿的思路在拟提纲时不需要注意结构,就好解释了。因为明线的论点注定不会跑题,不用太在意过渡问题,只要分段恰当就可以了,而这点,下笔时留神就足够了。

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